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Mousakhani M, Khorasani A, Chegini A, Teimourpour A, Sarem F, Miri M S. Educational Needs Assessment of Blood Bank Staff in the Transfusion Process. bloodj 2025; 22 (3) :218-218
URL: http://bloodjournal.ir/article-1-1579-en.html
Educational Needs Assessment of Blood Bank Staff in the Transfusion Process
Mina Mousakhani * , Abasalt Khorasani , Azita Chegini , Amir Teimourpour , Fariba Sarem , Maede Sadat Miri
Keywords: Education, Educational Needs Assessment, Hospitals, Blood Banks
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References:
  1. Adams KW, Tolich D. Blood transfusion: the patient's experience. Am J Nurs 2011; 111(9): 24-30; quiz 31-2. [DOI:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000405057.23324.a8] [PMID]
  2. Encan B, Akin S. Knowledge of blood transfusion among nurses. J Contin Educ Nurs 2019; 50(4): 176-82. [DOI:10.3928/00220124-20190319-08] [PMID]
  3. Rothschild JM, McGurk S, Honour M, Lu L, McClendon AA, Srivastava P, et al. Assessment of education and computerized decision support interventions for improving transfusion practice. Transfusion 2007; 47(2): 228-39. [DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01093.x] [PMID]
  4. Mole LJ, Hogg G, Benvie S. Evaluation of a teaching pack designed for nursing students to acquire the essential knowledge for competent practice in blood transfusion administration. Nurse Educ Pract 2007; 7(4): 228-37. [DOI:10.1016/j.nepr.2006.08.004] [PMID]
  5. Wu W-C, Rathore SS, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Krumholz HM. Blood transfusion in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2001; 345(17): 1230-6. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa010615] [PMID]
  6. Watson D, Hearnshaw K. Understanding blood groups and transfusion in nursing practice. Nurs Stand 2010; 24(30): 41-8. [DOI:10.7748/ns2010.03.24.30.41.c7635] [PMID]
  7. Yar Mohammadian MH, Bahrami S, Forughi Abari A A. Health Directors and Experts, and Proper Need Assessment Models. Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2003; 3(1): 71-9.[Article in Farsi]
  8. Saadat E. Human Resource Management. Tehran: Samt; 2004. p. 10-40. [Persian]
  9. Zareiyan Jahromi A, Ahmadi F. Learning needs assessment in bachelor of nursing: aqualitative research. Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2005; 5(2): 81-92. [Article in Farsi]
  10. Rambiritch V, Vermeulen M, Bell H, Knox P, Nedelcu E, Al-Riyami AZ, et al. Transfusion medicine and blood banking education and training for blood establishment laboratory staff: A review of selected countries in Africa. Transfusion 2021; 61(6): 1955-65. [DOI:10.1111/trf.16372] [PMID] []
  11. Damanhouri GA. The impact of training in transfusion medicine. ISBT Science Series 2009; 4(1): 95-8. [DOI:10.1111/j.1751-2824.2009.01217.x]
  12. Karni KR. Educating medical technologists to minimize errors in blood banking. Transfusion 1991; 31(4): 290-2. [DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31491213288.x] [PMID]
  13. Fathi Vajargah K. Principles of curriculum planning. Tehran: Iran-Zamin Publications; 2005. p. 55-63. [Persian]
  14. Saleem U, Naveed MA, Samiullah M, Tanveer U, Alam S, Zafar AF, et al. Is the curriculum of transfusion medicine in MBBS aligned with practical needs: A point of view of fresh graduates. Asian J Transfus Sci 2024; 18(2): 230-6. [DOI:10.4103/ajts.ajts_120_21] [PMID] []
  15. Haspel RL, Lin Y, Mallick R, Tinmouth A, Cid J, Eichler H, et al. Internal medicine resident knowledge of transfusion medicine: results from the BEST‐TEST international education needs assessment. Transfusion 2015; 55(6): 1355-61. [DOI:10.1111/trf.12968] [PMID]
  16. Gharehbaghian A, Javadzadeh Shahshahani H, Attar M, Rahbari Bonab M, Mehran M, Tabrizi Namini M. Assessment of physicians knowledge in transfusion medicine, Iran, 2007. Transfus Med 2009; 19(3): 132-8. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.2009.00923.x] [PMID]
  17. Salimi  S,  jabbarzade M, Fotohi A, Fafahini F. Evaluation of the knowledge level of Iranian medical graduates about transfusion medicine. J Iran Blood Transfus 2009; 5(4): 275-9. [Article in Farsi]
  18. Kaur P, Kaur G, Kaur R, Sood T. Assessment of impact of training in improving knowledge of blood transfusion among clinicians. Transfus Med Hemother 2014; 41(3): 222-6. [DOI:10.1159/000362896] [PMID] []
  19. Kavaklioglu AB, Dagci S, Oren B. Determination of health workers' level of knowledge about blood transfusion. North Clin Istanb 2017; 4(2): 165-72.
  20. Assemi S. What the nurse should know and do about blood transfusion. Iranian Nursing Journal 2004; 16(36): 1-15. [Article in Farsi]
  21. Aslani Y, Etemadyfar S, Noryan K. Nurses' knowledge of blood transfusion in medical training centers of Shahrekord University of Medical Science in 2004. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2010; 15(3): 141-4.
  22. Purfarzad Z, Farmahini Farahani M, Ghamarizare Z, Ghorbani M, Zamani M. Nurses' Knowledge and practice of blood transfusion in hospitals of Arak in 2010. J Iran Blood Transfus 2012; 9(3): 337-45. [Article in Farsi]
  23. Jafari E, Koohestani S, Ghaziizade M. Knowledge among health care workers about hemovigilance in hospitals of Kerman in 2018. J Iran Blood Transfus 2019; 16(4): 280-8. [Article in Farsi]
  24. Taheri-Ezbarami Z, Rafie-papkiadeh S, Mirzaie Takmili M, Kazemnejad-Leili's E. Knowledge and Clinical Decision-Making of Nursing Students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Use of Blood Transfusion in Pediatric Nursing. J Iran Blood Transfus 2020; 17(3): 188-99. [Article in Farsi]
  25. Lee ELS, Rahim A, Arzuar N, Din T, Azdiana S. Knowledge of blood transfusion among nurses at hospital pulau pinang: nursing responsibilities and patient management related to transfusion reactions. Education in Medicine Journal 2016; 8(4): 47-56. [DOI:10.5959/eimj.v8i4.473]
  26. Kasraian L. The awareness of medical staff of hospitals in Shiraz about transfusion medicine and the mpact of education. J Iran Blood Transfus 2014; 11(3): 214-20. [Article in Farsi]
  27. Islami Vaghar M. The Impact of an Educational Program on Blood and Blood Products Transfusion on Nurses' Level of Knowledge and Performance. J Med Life 2018; 11(3): 238-42. [DOI:10.25122/jml-2018-0016] [PMID] []
  28. Freixo A, Matos I, Leite A, Silva A, Bischoff F, Carvalho M, et al. Nurses knowledge in Transfusion Medicine in a Portuguese university hospital: the impact of an education. Blood Transfus 2017; 15(1): 49-52.
  29. Chegini A, Jamalian A, Abdolhosseini R, Broujerdi A, Zadsar M. Comparison of face-to-face and virtual training in implementation of patient blood management. J Iran Blood Transfus 2023; 20(1):19-27. [Article in Farsi]
  30. Chegini A, Zadsar M, Boroujerdi Alavi A. Evaluating the Knowledge Retention After Virtual Training of Patient Blood Management Among Hospital's Personnel After One Year. Jundishapur J Health Sci 2025; 17(2): e159352. [DOI:10.5812/jjhs-159352]


Educational Needs Assessment of Blood Bank Staff
in the Transfusion Process


Mina Mousakhani1, Abasalt Khorasani2    , Azita Chegini3     , Amir Teimourpour4     ,
Fariba Sarem3, Maede Sadat Miri3


1Department of Educational Sciences. Faculty of Islamic Education, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
4Biological Products and Blood Safety Resaerch Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2025/04/09
Accepted: 2025/09/17
 





http://dx.doi.org/10.61186/bloodj.22.1.54
    



Citation:
Mousakhani M, Khorasani A, Chegini A, Teimourpour A, Sarem F, Miri M.S. Educational Needs Assessment of Blood Bank Staff in the Transfusion Process. J Iran Blood Transfus. 2025: 22 (3): 206-218
    



Correspondence: Mousakhani M., Faculty of Islamic Education, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University.
P.O.Box: 14515-775, Tehran, Iran.
Tel: (+9821) 88629581
E-mail:
1- Acridine Orange
1- Biological safety cabinet
1- Platelet Concentrate
2- Food and Drug Administration
3- Normal Skin Flora
4- Platelet Rich Plasma-Platelet Concentrate
5- Eosin-Methylene blue
6- Thioglycolate
1- Acridine Orange
1- Biological safety cabinet
1- Platelet Concentrate
2- Food and Drug Administration
3- Normal Skin Flora
4- Platelet Rich Plasma-Platelet Concentrate
5- Eosin-Methylene blue
6- Thioglycolate
mina.mousakhani@yahoo.com  		 A B S T R A C T
Background and Objectives
Identifying the training needs of blood bank professionals involved in blood transfusion process is essential for enhancing their knowledge and skills, enhancing quality of services provided, and optimizing overall performance. This study aimed to identify the training needs of blood bank experts in relation to the blood transfusion process.
Materials and Methods
This applied research employed a mixed-method, combining both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The study population included blood bank experts hospitals across Iran. Sampling was conducted in two phases: initially, 21 hospitals were selected using classification, random, criterion-based and methods. Two experts were nominated from each hospital, and finally, 9 individuals with highest level of expertise were selected for participation. Data were collected using a researcher developed questionnaire based on the DACUM (Development A Curriculum) methodology, focusing on skills analysis. The questionnaire’s validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was verified with a Cronbach's alpha 0.92. Through training workshops, the main and secondary tasks were identified, along with their prioritization and the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for competency. Then, appropriate training courses were designed to validate the findings, a three-stage evaluation was performed, including experts review, comparison with O*NET (Occupational Information Network) database and focus groups analysis.
Results
The study identified 8 primary tasks and 45 sub-tasks relevant to transfusion. Each tasks was analyzed for its priority, competency level and domain. The overall competency score was 4.02, "placing it within the mastery level". Finally, 9 specific training course titles were developed to address the identified needs.
Conclusions 
Determining the training needs of blood bank professionals provides a foundation for strategic planning to improve their level of knowledge, skills and attitudes. Establishing a comprehensive and integrated training system, including continuous training and monitoring adherence to standard guidelines, can improve the quality of blood transfusion services and promote patient safety.
Key words: Education, Educational Needs Assessment, Hospitals, Blood Banks
Copyright © 2025 Journal of Iranian Blood Transfusion, Published by Blood Transfusion Research Center.
This work is licensed under a Creative Common Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International license.




 
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Blood banking
References
1. Adams KW, Tolich D. Blood transfusion: the patient's experience. Am J Nurs 2011; 111(9): 24-30; quiz 31-2. [DOI:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000405057.23324.a8] [PMID]
2. Encan B, Akin S. Knowledge of blood transfusion among nurses. J Contin Educ Nurs 2019; 50(4): 176-82. [DOI:10.3928/00220124-20190319-08] [PMID]
3. Rothschild JM, McGurk S, Honour M, Lu L, McClendon AA, Srivastava P, et al. Assessment of education and computerized decision support interventions for improving transfusion practice. Transfusion 2007; 47(2): 228-39. [DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01093.x] [PMID]
4. Mole LJ, Hogg G, Benvie S. Evaluation of a teaching pack designed for nursing students to acquire the essential knowledge for competent practice in blood transfusion administration. Nurse Educ Pract 2007; 7(4): 228-37. [DOI:10.1016/j.nepr.2006.08.004] [PMID]
5. Wu W-C, Rathore SS, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Krumholz HM. Blood transfusion in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2001; 345(17): 1230-6. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa010615] [PMID]
6. Watson D, Hearnshaw K. Understanding blood groups and transfusion in nursing practice. Nurs Stand 2010; 24(30): 41-8. [DOI:10.7748/ns2010.03.24.30.41.c7635] [PMID]
7. Yar Mohammadian MH, Bahrami S, Forughi Abari A A. Health Directors and Experts, and Proper Need Assessment Models. Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2003; 3(1): 71-9. [Article in Farsi]
8. Saadat E. Human Resource Management. Tehran: Samt; 2004. p. 10-40. [Persian]
9. Zareiyan Jahromi A, Ahmadi F. Learning needs assessment in bachelor of nursing: a qualitative research. Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2005; 5(2): 81-92. [Article in Farsi]
10. Rambiritch V, Vermeulen M, Bell H, Knox P, Nedelcu E, Al-Riyami AZ, et al. Transfusion medicine and blood banking education and training for blood establishment laboratory staff: A review of selected countries in Africa. Transfusion 2021; 61(6): 1955-65. [DOI:10.1111/trf.16372] [PMID] []
11. Damanhouri GA. The impact of training in transfusion medicine. ISBT Science Series 2009; 4(1): 95-8. [DOI:10.1111/j.1751-2824.2009.01217.x]
12. Karni KR. Educating medical technologists to minimize errors in blood banking. Transfusion 1991; 31(4): 290-2. [DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31491213288.x] [PMID]
13. Fathi Vajargah K. Principles of curriculum planning. Tehran: Iran-Zamin Publications; 2005. p. 55-63. [Persian]
14. Saleem U, Naveed MA, Samiullah M, Tanveer U, Alam S, Zafar AF, et al. Is the curriculum of transfusion medicine in MBBS aligned with practical needs: A point of view of fresh graduates. Asian J Transfus Sci 2024; 18(2): 230-6. [DOI:10.4103/ajts.ajts_120_21] [PMID] []
15. Haspel RL, Lin Y, Mallick R, Tinmouth A, Cid J, Eichler H, et al. Internal medicine resident knowledge of transfusion medicine: results from the BEST‐TEST international education needs assessment. Transfusion 2015; 55(6): 1355-61. [DOI:10.1111/trf.12968] [PMID]
16. Gharehbaghian A, Javadzadeh Shahshahani H, Attar M, Rahbari Bonab M, Mehran M, Tabrizi Namini M. Assessment of physicians knowledge in transfusion medicine, Iran, 2007. Transfus Med 2009; 19(3): 132-8. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.2009.00923.x] [PMID]
17. Salimi S, jabbarzade M, Fotohi A, Fafahini F. Evaluation of the knowledge level of Iranian medical graduates about transfusion medicine. J Iran Blood Transfus 2009; 5(4): 275-9. [Article in Farsi]
18. Kaur P, Kaur G, Kaur R, Sood T. Assessment of impact of training in improving knowledge of blood transfusion among clinicians. Transfus Med Hemother 2014; 41(3): 222-6. [DOI:10.1159/000362896] [PMID] []
19. Kavaklioglu AB, Dagci S, Oren B. Determination of health workers' level of knowledge about blood transfusion. North Clin Istanb 2017; 4(2): 165-72.
20. Assemi S. What the nurse should know and do about blood transfusion. Iranian Nursing Journal 2004; 16(36): 1-15. [Article in Farsi]
21. Aslani Y, Etemadyfar S, Noryan K. Nurses' knowledge of blood transfusion in medical training centers of Shahrekord University of Medical Science in 2004. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2010; 15(3): 141-4.
22. Purfarzad Z, Farmahini Farahani M, Ghamarizare Z, Ghorbani M, Zamani M. Nurses' Knowledge and practice of blood transfusion in hospitals of Arak in 2010. J Iran Blood Transfus 2012; 9(3): 337-45. [Article in Farsi]
23. Jafari E, Koohestani S, Ghaziizade M. Knowledge among health care workers about hemovigilance in hospitals of Kerman in 2018. J Iran Blood Transfus 2019; 16(4): 280-8. [Article in Farsi]
24. Taheri-Ezbarami Z, Rafie-papkiadeh S, Mirzaie Takmili M, Kazemnejad-Leili's E. Knowledge and Clinical Decision-Making of Nursing Students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Use of Blood Transfusion in Pediatric Nursing. J Iran Blood Transfus 2020; 17(3): 188-99. [Article in Farsi]
25. Lee ELS, Rahim A, Arzuar N, Din T, Azdiana S. Knowledge of blood transfusion among nurses at hospital pulau pinang: nursing responsibilities and patient management related to transfusion reactions. Education in Medicine Journal 2016; 8(4): 47-56. [DOI:10.5959/eimj.v8i4.473]
26. Kasraian L. The awareness of medical staff of hospitals in Shiraz about transfusion medicine and the mpact of education. J Iran Blood Transfus 2014; 11(3): 214-20. [Article in Farsi]
27. Islami Vaghar M. The Impact of an Educational Program on Blood and Blood Products Transfusion on Nurses' Level of Knowledge and Performance. J Med Life 2018; 11(3): 238-42. [DOI:10.25122/jml-2018-0016] [PMID] []
28. Freixo A, Matos I, Leite A, Silva A, Bischoff F, Carvalho M, et al. Nurses knowledge in Transfusion Medicine in a Portuguese university hospital: the impact of an education. Blood Transfus 2017; 15(1): 49-52.
29. Chegini A, Jamalian A, Abdolhosseini R, Broujerdi A, Zadsar M. Comparison of face-to-face and virtual training in implementation of patient blood management. J Iran Blood Transfus 2023; 20(1):19-27. [Article in Farsi]
30. Chegini A, Zadsar M, Boroujerdi Alavi A. Evaluating the Knowledge Retention After Virtual Training of Patient Blood Management Among Hospital's Personnel After One Year. Jundishapur J Health Sci 2025; 17(2): e159352. [DOI:10.5812/jjhs-159352]
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