Volume 21, Issue 4 (Winter 2024)
Sci J Iran Blood Transfus Organ 2024, 21(4): 330-341 |
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Kheiri Ardahaei F, Yari F. Effective Factors in Creating Immunization Against a Desired Antigen in the Culture Medium. Sci J Iran Blood Transfus Organ 2024; 21 (4) :330-341
URL: http://bloodjournal.ir/article-1-1562-en.html
URL: http://bloodjournal.ir/article-1-1562-en.html
Abstract: (480 Views)
A B S T R A C T
Background and Objectives
Antibodies are glycoprotein molecules that are widely used in diagnosis and treatment. One of their key applications being blood grouping tests. There are various methods for producing antibodies, with immunization being the Preliminary stage for all of them. One such approach is in vitro immunization, where immune cells are isolated from peripheral blood and stimulated in the culture medium using the desired antigen. Effective immunization in vitro is fundamented to modern research and vaccine development. This study focuses on the factors influencing the optimization of immunization to achieve immunized lymphocytes that produce antibodies in a culture medium.
Materials and Methods
For this review article, a comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords immunization, in vitro technique, and antibodies covering studies published from 1985 to 2023. A total of 50 articles were found based on these keywords, out of which 34 relevant studies were selected for inclusion in this review.
Results
Studies have showed that in vitro immunization offer severall advantages over in vivo immunization, the eliminating need for laboratory animals and avoiding the ethical challenges associated with their use. Additionally, it provides shorter immunization times, high reproducibility, and the ability to obtain antibody-producing clones from the IgM class. However, this approach is not applicable for producing antibodies against all antigens. Several factors influence the success of in vitro immunization, including the type and concentration of the antigen, the type and number of lymphocytes, the removal of immune-suppressing cells, adjuvants and cytokines, the physiological conditions of the culture environment, the duration of incubation, and the variability in immune responses among immune cell donors.
Conclusions
Antibody production can be achieved through in vitro immunization methods in the culture medium, offering distinct advantages over in vivo methods. Achieving effective antibody-producing cells in laboratory conditions requires careful attention of influencing factors.
Background and Objectives
Antibodies are glycoprotein molecules that are widely used in diagnosis and treatment. One of their key applications being blood grouping tests. There are various methods for producing antibodies, with immunization being the Preliminary stage for all of them. One such approach is in vitro immunization, where immune cells are isolated from peripheral blood and stimulated in the culture medium using the desired antigen. Effective immunization in vitro is fundamented to modern research and vaccine development. This study focuses on the factors influencing the optimization of immunization to achieve immunized lymphocytes that produce antibodies in a culture medium.
Materials and Methods
For this review article, a comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords immunization, in vitro technique, and antibodies covering studies published from 1985 to 2023. A total of 50 articles were found based on these keywords, out of which 34 relevant studies were selected for inclusion in this review.
Results
Studies have showed that in vitro immunization offer severall advantages over in vivo immunization, the eliminating need for laboratory animals and avoiding the ethical challenges associated with their use. Additionally, it provides shorter immunization times, high reproducibility, and the ability to obtain antibody-producing clones from the IgM class. However, this approach is not applicable for producing antibodies against all antigens. Several factors influence the success of in vitro immunization, including the type and concentration of the antigen, the type and number of lymphocytes, the removal of immune-suppressing cells, adjuvants and cytokines, the physiological conditions of the culture environment, the duration of incubation, and the variability in immune responses among immune cell donors.
Conclusions
Antibody production can be achieved through in vitro immunization methods in the culture medium, offering distinct advantages over in vivo methods. Achieving effective antibody-producing cells in laboratory conditions requires careful attention of influencing factors.
References
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