1. Cone SH. The impact of communication and the neonatal intensive care unit enviorment on parent involvement. Newborn and infant nursing journal 2007; 7(1): 33-8.    
2. Chen HL, Tseng HI, Lu CC, Yang SN, Fan HC, Yang RC. Effect of blood transfusions on the outcome of very low body weight preterm infants under two different transfusion criteria. Pediatr Neonatol 2009; 50(3): 110-6.  

1. Riedel S, Junkins A, Stamper P, Cress G, Widness J, Doern G. Comparison of the batec 9240 and bact /alert blood culture system for evaluation of placental cord blood for transfusion in neonates. J Clin Microbial 2009; 47(6): 1645-9.
2. Verma A, Hemlata. Blood component therapy. Indian J Pediatr 2008; 75(8): 717-22.
3. Mohagheghi P, Khosravi N, Haj Manouchehri R. Number of Blood Product Transfusions in Premature Infants in Hazrat Rasoul Hospital: Limitations and Problems. RJMS 2006; 13(52): 197-204. [Article in Farsi]
4. Mosayebi Z, Movahedian A, Mousavi S, Toluee F. The Prevalence of Different Blood Derivatives Consumption in Neonates Admitted to Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital (2000-2001). RJMS 2005; 12(45): 147-54. [Article in Farsi]
5. Kasat K, Hendricks-Munoz KD, Mally PV. Neonatal red blood cell transfusions: searching for better guidelines. Blood Transfus 2011; 9(1): 86-94. 
6. Girelli G, Antoncecchi S, Casadei AM, Del Vecchio A, Isernia P, Motta M, et al. Recommendations for transfusion therapy in neonatology. Blood Transfus 2015; 13(3): 684-97.     
7. Fakhraee H, Kazemian M. Protocols of diagnose and treatment in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal ward.  Tehran: Neonatal Health Research Center; 2014. p. 38-41. [Persian]
8. Chegondi M, Sasaki J, Raszynski A, Totapally BR. Hemoglobin Threshold for Blood Transfusion in a Peadiatric Intensive Care Unit. Transfus Med Hemothor 2016; 43(4): 297-301.      

1. Alexander M .The new gold standard in infusion nursing. J Infus Nurs 2011; 34(1): 11.
2. Tabrizi Namini M, Khadir M, Kheiri M, Teimouri Naghadeh H, Rahbari Bonab M, Gharehbaghian A, et al. [WHO guidelines in safe blood and blood products]. Tehran: Boshra Publication; 2003. p. 82-93.
3. Kliegman RM, Stanton B, Geme JS, Schor NF. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 20^th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2011. p. 703-31.
4. Hockenberry J, Wilson D. Wong’s essentials of pediatric nursing. 9^th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2015. p. 73-92.
5. Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Martin RJ. Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant. 10^th ed. St.Louis: Mosbys; 2015. p. 1252-87.
6. Spinella PC, Sparrow RL, Hess JR, Norris PJ. Properties of stored red blood cells: understanding immune and vascular reactivity. Transfusion  2013; 51(4): 894-900.
7. Josephson C, Mondoro TH, Ambruso DR, Sanchez R, Sloan SR, Luban N, et al. One size with never with all: clinical and translational research gaps in pediatric transfusion medicine. Pediatr Res 2014; 76(5): 425-31.
8. Fergusson DA, Hébert P, Hogan DL, LeBel L, Rouvinez-Bouali N, Smyth JA, et al. Effect of fresh red blood cell transfusions on clinical outcomes in premature, very low-birth-weight infants: The ARIPI randomized trial. JAMA 2012; 308(14): 1443-51.
9. Patel RM, Josephson CD. Storage age of red blood cells for transfusion of premature infants. JAMA 2013; 309(6): 544-5.
10. McPherson RA, Pincus MP. Henry’s Clinical diagnosis & laboratory management by laboratory methods. 21^st ed. Philadelphia: Louis, Mobys; 2010. p. 668-9.
11. Kasat K, Hendricks-Muñoz KD, Mally PV. Neonatal red blood cell transfusion: searching for better guidelines. Blood Transfus 2011; 9(1): 86-94.

 
 

 

 

RBC Transfusion in premature neonates in Mofid Children Hospital 2017
 
Tajjali S.¹, Tatarpour P.², Fallahi M.^1
 
 
1Neonatal Health Research Center (NHRC), Mofid Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
²School of Nursing & Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
 
 
 
Abstract
Background and Objectives
Premature neonates are extremely vulnerable in the neonatal pe­riod, as is attested to by the high rates of infant mortal­ity. Infants that are hospitalized are likely to have at least one blood transfusion. Anemia is one of the most common side effects. The purpose of this cross sectional descriptive study was outcome of red blood cell injection in preterm infants admitted to the NICU of the Mofid Hospital at 2016.
 
Materials and Methods
For this descriptive cross-sectional study, 116 preterm infants weighing ≤ 1500 grams and gestational age ≤ 35 weeks who had no history of surgical and congenital anomalies were admitted to NICU. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 and dependent t-test.
 
Results
Data were collected, apnea 79.31%, 19.82% ,tachycardia 80.17% ,48.27% and residue 55.73%,  21.34%  before and after blood transfusion respectively according to nursing reports. Before and after transfusion mean of hemoglobin was 9.1 mg/dl and 11.8 mg/dl and hematocrit was 25.6% and 32.5%, respectively.
 
Conclusions 
Finding show apnea (p = 0.001), tachycardia (p = 0.004), residue (p = 0.005), hemoglobin (p = 0.001) and hematocrit (p = 0.001). For prescription, Considering Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings, improves laboratory, clinical and ventilator conditions in premature infants.
 
Key words: Anemia, Blood Transfusion, Red Blood Cells
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Received:  16 Apr 2017
Accepted: 13 Feb 2018
 
 

Correspondence: Tatarpour P., MSc of Internal Nursing & Surgery. Instructor of School of Nursing & Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Valiasr St.
Postal Code: 1996713883, Tehran, Iran. Tel: (+9821) 43651000; Fax: (+9821) 88201978
E-mail: