D. Pashoutan Sarvar, Dr. K. Shamsasenjan, Dr. P. Akbarzadehlaleh, Dr. A.a. Movassaghpour, Mr Hamze Timari, Mrs Sara Aqmasheh,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (9-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives
Mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent cells characterized by self-renewal and the stromal multilineage differentiation potency. These cells play an important role in tissue homeostasis through direct cell-cell interaction and release of various growth factors and cytokines. Vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells rich in various growth factors such as proteins, cytokines and microRNAs are produced under different physiological or pathological conditions. Differentiation capability of these vesicles in repairing damaged tissues, as well as immune response modulation, has caused the vesicles to be considered as useful and efficient tools in regenerative medicine.
Materials and Methods
In the present review study, the authors investigated many articles over the past two decades published on the isolation and characterization of vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells, as well as on the application of these vesicles in regenerative medicine.
Results
The review of various articles showed that mesenchymal stem cells exert their paracrine effects by secreting different cytokines and vesicles. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived vesicles have protective effects such as regenerating damaged tissues, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, suppression of inflammatory reactions and modulation of immune responses.
Conclusions
Since the vesicles derived stem cells are supplemented with various growth factors and have tissue repairing potency, these vesicles can be used to repair the damaged tissues. In addition, these vesicles can be used as carriers of drugs or genes.
S.m. Hoseini, Dr. ّf. Kalantar, Dr. S.m. Kalantar, Dr. A.r. Bahrami, F. Zareien, Dr. M. Moghadam Matin,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (6-2020)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives
Recently, mesenchymal stem cells have attracted much attention in regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells are used in regenerative medicine mainly based on their capacity to differentiate into several cell lineages, low immunogenicity, and in particular their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive-immunomodulatory properties.
Materials and Methods
The present manuscript, by reviewing more than 150 recent published articles, introduces the latest information regarding the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive-immunomodulatory properties of the mesenchymal stem cells.
Results
The fibroblast-like mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, Wharton jelly, umbilical cord, placenta, and amniotic fluid. The immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells result from their interactions with innate and adaptive immune systems to inhibit immune cells. Such an inhibitory function is due to the interaction of these cells with immune cells through direct cell-cell contact or via paracrine secretory factors. The composition of these secretions or secretom of these cells includes various components such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, anti-inflammatory mediators and exosomes. Many in vivo studies in animal models have demonstrated that the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate and repair tissues is more attributed to their immunosuppressive-immunomodulatory function rather than their proliferative properties.
Conclusions
Therefore, understanding the mechanisms establishing the interactions of these cells with immune system would be important for their use as a promising therapeutic approach in the future for treatment of immunological diseases as well as in the field of regenerative medicine.