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M. Shaiegan, S. Hadjati, M. Iravani, M. Aghaipour, G. David, D. Bernard+, A.s. Tabatabaeeian, M.h. Lotfi, P. Lotfi,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (Autumn 2004)
Abstract

 

  Abstract

 

 Background and Objectives

  The aim of the present study was to evaluate red blood cell chimerism after bone marrow transplantation by flow cytometry.

 

 Materials and Methods

  In order to perform this assay, FITC labeled antibodies against blood groups ABH, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS were used.14 hematologic patients under BMT were selected for this study. The required sample was 5 ml peripheral blood that is collected in tubes containing EDTA. At first, donor and recipients red cells phenotypes were identified with the use of both agglutination and flow cytometry methods then, on post-transplantation days of 15, 30 and 60, only blood samples of the recipients were analyzed by flow cytometry for the antigens differing from donors to recipients. Antibody screening test and titration of ABH Isohemagglutinins were performed on recipients' plasma samples and then repeated on post- transplantation day of 60.

 

 Results

  After BMT, red cell chimerism was detected in all 14 patients (in 9 patients on post-transplantation day of 15 and in 5 patients on day of 30). Antibodies against minor blood groups and Rh blood group were not detected at all. The occurrence of chimerism was not inhibited by ABO incompatibility of donors and recipients but in patients who were ABH incompatible with their donors, ABH isohemagglutinins titer following transplantation decreased. Although the presence of isohemagglutinins did not prevent chimerism but it seems these antibodies by attaching to their related antigens on chimeric red cells membrane prevented corresponding antigen detection.

 

 Conclusions

  Now by using flow cytometry, red cell phenotyping is applicable and reticulocyte analysis is much easier to perform so that chimerism can be detected in patients who have recently experienced blood transfusion. Moreover, through further evaluation of red cell chimerism and detection of recipient autologous red cells, disease relapse can be predicted.

 

 

 Key words: Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT), Chimerism, Red cells, Blood group antigens, Hematological disorders

 


M. Khadir, M. Maghsudlu, A. Gharehbaghian, E. Danandeh, H. Faghih, V. Vafaiyan, S. Nasizadeh, N. Honarkaran, M. Tabrizi Namini,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (Autumn 2004)
Abstract

 

  Abstract

  

 Background and Objectives

 The most important goal of IBTO is to prepare safe and sufficient blood and blood components thus, the appropriate screening of donors out of low-risk population is significant. It is likely that women population compared with men is at lower risk in regard to high-risk behaviors leading to blood-transmitted infections. However, the donation attempts on part of women compared to men are less frequent.

  

 Materials and Methods

  A cross-sectional study was conducted on Iranian female population at the age range of 17-65 in eight provinces of Iran. A questionnaire was prepared. The number of samples was calculated as 12000 using statistical formulas. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS 11 statistical software.

  

 Results

 The age average of women under study was 32.6 ± 12.1. Most of them were married, housekeeper, and had diploma. 24.1% of them had a record of blood donation while 75.4% never enjoyed such an experience. The educational background and employment rate of women with no blood donation precedent were significantly lower than those with previous history of blood donation (P<0.001). The most frequent reason for women,s unwillingness to embark no blood donation was considered to be their fear of being infected with infectious and blood-borne diseases. On the whole, 75.2% and 24.8% of women under study showed respectively a negative and positive attitude toward blood donation.

  

 Conclusions

 Since fear of being infected with infectious and blood-borne diseases out of blood donation is somehow the outcome of the lack of awareness of the public about transfusion medicine thus, the most significant reason for the lack of donation can be attributed to the lack of knowledge on the part of women regarding transfusion medicine. Based on the findings of the present study, it is recommended that training about the significance of blood donation and women,s acceptance criteria for blood donation be promoted extensively through TV and Radio broadcasting.

 

 

 Key words: Blood donation, Blood Transfusion Organization, Women, Attitude

 


L. Kasraian, S.a. Torabi Jahromi,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (Autumn 2004)
Abstract

  Abstract

  

 Background and Objectives

 Some blood donors may donate blood for being informed of their HIV test results such people are threats to blood and its derivatives.

  

 Materials and Methods

 This study was a cross-sectional study using four choice questionnaires which were distributed among 20800 blood donors who had referred to Shiraz Blood Transfusion Organization. The sample was selected using systematic random sampling. Questionnaire included three parts: part one contained demographic characteristics of donors, part two reasons motivating them to donate blood, and three risk factor of HIV if donation occures for HIV checkup. Chi square and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

  

 Results

 The average age of donors was 34.46 ± 11.3. 87% of donors were male and 12.3% female 51.8% were married and 48.2% single. 36.3% were first time blood donors and 63.7% had more than one time blood donation record the average number of blood donation attempts among these subjects was 6.7 ± 3.2. 61% of them were tested for HIV in routine tests. Totally, 14.8% of these subjects had donated blood for HIV checkup. Blood donation for HIV checkup was more frequent in males, singles and first time donors (P<0.05). There was no correlation between occupation, education status, age and blood donation and HIV checkup (P>0.05). Risk factors of those who had donated blood for HIV tests were identified to be sexual contacts (38.3% of subjects), contacts with HIV suspicious people (18.7%), intravenous drug users (3.7%), and tatooing (2.8%). The rest 36.5 percent had no known risk factors.

  

 Conclusions

 14.8% donate blood for HIV checkup in this study and could threaten the blood supply. The most common risk factor in those who referred for HIV checkup was sexual contact with
high-risk partners. Blood donors should receive suitable training for providing safe blood. To this end, they must feel accountable for their blood donation.

  

  

 Key words:

 


Z. Soheili , S. Samiee , M. Kavari , Z. Attaie ,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (Winter 2005)
Abstract

  Abstract

  

 Background and Objectives

  G20210A prothrombin mutation is one of the most prevalent mutations in the western countreis. In most diagnostic algorithms, G20210A prothrombin mutation’s identification is the major tool in determining the cause of thrombosis. However, there is little evidence about the prevalence of this mutation in thrombophilia and its role among Asian and especially Iranian people. According to sporadic investigations there exist some evidence of the low prevalence rate of the mutation in Iranian patients.

 

 Case 

  The case at issue has been negative in regard to other inherited and acquired causes thus, the researchers intended to study the mutation rate in this case. The patient under study had the past record of recurrent miscarriage and CVA.

 

 Conclusions

  Considering the limited number of studies conducted on thrombosis genetic prevalence and their impact on recurrent abortions and thrombophilia in Iran, this study is considered to be the first report on the screening of G20210A mutation. In this regard, the role of this mutation in unexplained miscarriage and exacerebation of underlying disorders could be investigated.

  

  

 Key words: Thrombophilia, G20210A, Prothrombin mutation, Thrombosis, Miscarriage


Dr. M. Shaiegan, F. Amiri, M.h. Derakhti Gonbad, Dr. M. Aghaeipour, Dr. M. Maghsudlu, A. Tabatabaian, Dr. M. Irvani, Dr. P. Vosugh, S. Rajaei, E. Kokab Sayar,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (Winter 2005)
Abstract

  Abstract

  

 Background and Objectives

  Blood transfusion may lead to the manifestation of anti-HLA and platelet-specific antibodies that may in turn bring about different problems like platelet refractoriness. It appears that the study of antibodies against HLA-Class I and platelet-specific antigens are useful for the selection and success of the appropriate treatment protocol. The aim of this study was to detect anti-HLA and anti-platelet-specific antibodies by flowcytometry in patients with hematologic disorders (including Acute Leukemia, Aplastic Anemia) and patients with ITP.

  

  Materials and Methods 

  In this descriptive study, anti-HLA and platelet-specific antibodies were detected by flowcytometric technique, using 62 sera drawn from patients with different hematological disorders who showed a poor response to platelet transfusion and 20 from patients with ITP. The results of anti-HLA antibodies were then compared by Panel Reactive Antibodies ( PRA ).

 

 Results

  Our results showed 44 (53.7%) out of 82 patients had anti-HLA Class-I antibodies in their sera. The frequency of each antibody isotype was found to be as follows: IgM (51.2%), IgG (32.9%) and IgA (1.2%). 36 (43.9%) out of 82 patients had platelet specific antibodies and the frequency of each antibody isotype was found to be as follows: IgM (40.2%), IgG (30.5%) and IgA (12.2%). 27 (31.7%) out of 82 patients had both antibodies. No difference was found between the two groups in platelet specific antibodies. Despite significant correlation between flowcytometry and PRA methods, PRA can only detect antibodies which react with complement.

  

 Conclusions

  With increase in the number of platelet transfusion, immunization to HLA antigens occures moreover, immunization against platelet specific antigens may also occure during autoimmunity. The presence of these antibodies may be one of the reasons of poor response to platelet transfusion and platelet refractoriness in patients under study. Conducting similar studies with higher number of samples, platelet cross-match, and the use of HLA- matched platelets for these patients are recommended.

  

  

 Key words: HLA-antibodies, Hematological disorders, Flowcytometry, Platelet refractoriness, PRA, Platelet specific antibodies

 


M. Nikougoftar , M. Aghaeipour , A. Tabatabaian , Sh. Vaeli , V. Fallah Azad , M. Maghsudlu , F. Atashrazm ,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (Spring 2005)
Abstract

  Abstract

  

 Background and Objectives

  Although the French-American-British (FAB) Classification system is the basis for the diagnosis and treatment of AML, it has its own limitations. During recent years immunophenotyping by flow cytometry is widely used for the identification of AML'S subtypes. Immunophenotyping has been especially helpful in discrimination of AML with monocytic differentiation (M4-M5) from nonmonocytic subtypes (M0- M1- M2- M3- M6- M7). However several studies have indicated that CD14 mostly is negative when applied to leukemias with monocyte differentiation.

  

  Materials and Methods 

  Some studies have shown that CD64 (FC g RI) is an early and specific myelo-monoid marker. In this study we evaluated CD14 and CD64 antibodies to identify cells of monocytic lineage in 216 cases of AML who were referred to IBTO flow cytometry laboratory. These monoclonal antibodies prepared by DAKO company and were conjugated with Phyco Erythrin. The samples were analysed by Epics-x1 Flow cytometer. The markers were considered positive if 20% or more of the cells expressed it. The Chi-square test was also used in SPSS software.

 

 Results

  Results revealed that CD64 was highty specific (88%) and sensitive (67%) and CD14 was highty specific (96%) but not sensitive (31%) with >95% confidence rate. These results are compatible with other studies.

  

 Conclusions

  Finally because of high sensitivity of CD64, it should be considered in all of immunophenotyping protocols as a sensitive and specific marker for monoid cells.

  

  

Key words : Acute leukemia, FAB, Immunophenotyping, Flow cytometry, Acute myeloid leukemia, Acute monocytic leukemia, CD14, CD64.
J. Abdy , M. Shaiegan ,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (Spring 2005)
Abstract

  Abstract

  

 Background and Objectives

  The immunity system of thalassemics cause of different reasons faces dysfunction. So they are susceptible to recurrent infections. One of these reasons pertains to deficiency in phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and bacterial killing ability neutrophils. As there are several reports about decline in neutrophilic functions in such patients, we aimed at studying phagocytosis and candida killing in major thalassemics.

  

  Materials and Methods 

  In this study, we analyzed blood samples drawn randomly from 30 patients with thalassemia major (16 splenectomized), and 30 healthy subjects as control group without any familial background of the disease. We evaluated phagocytosis and candida killing in these groups.

 

 Results

  Our findings showed that there is no relationship between sex and age with neutrophil function in the patients. There is a significant difference in phagocytosis (p<0.1) and killing ability between the patient group and control group (p<0.0001).

  

 Conclusions

  Since phagocytosis and candida killing are of lowest activity in patients than in the control group, there may be relative deficiency in these patients’ neutrophils function.

  

  

Key words : Thalassemia major, Neutrophil, Phagocytosis
S. Amini Kafi-Abad , A. Talebian , F. Ranjbar Kermani , M. Moghtadaie , M. Sobhani , Sh. Samie ,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (Spring 2005)
Abstract

  Abstract

  

 Background and Objectives

  Screening the blood donors for serological markers reduced the incidence of transfusion-transmitted infections especially post-transfusion hepatitis C. However, there remains residual risk due to pre-seroconversion period. HCV RNA (PCR) of blood donations reduced the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HCV infection. In this study, blood donations were screened for HCV RNA by RT-PCR method.

  

  Materials and Methods 

  An extra plasma sample was collected from 1026 blood donors. 1000 out of 1026 samples were negative for HBsAg, anti-HCV (EIA, third generation), anti-HIV and RPR. Every 5 samples were pooled. The sensitivity of HCV-RNA detection by RT-PCR method was 380 geq/ml according to Proficiency VQC panel. 1000 donations in 200 pools were tested.

 

 Results

 False reactivity of samples considered positive accounts for 5.5% of cases, and 5.5% were invalid due to non-specilic bands. 6% of the pools were false-positive. A false positive result was defined as positive on initial testing but negative on repeat single testing. However, all of the samples were negative for HCV RNA by RT-PCR method.

  

 Conclusions

 No sample was found to be serologically negative and HCV RNA positive. However, further studies are recommended for further clarification.

  

  

Key words : Blood donation, Donor screening, Hepatitis C virus, plasma, Pooled, PCR
Gh. Karimi , B. Damari , A. Gharehbaghian , M. Rahbari , V. Vafaiyan , E. Minab Salemi ,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (Summer 2005)
Abstract

  Abstract

  

 Background and Objectives

  Setting research priorities in the cycle of research management is critical. The limitation in human and financial resources and policy changes are the most significant reasons necessitating research priorities to be set. Research prioritization can materialize and be effective at different levels ranging from macro and national to educational and research levels. To this end, IBTO Research and Education Deputy by this study has embarked on a serious measure in organizing and orientating investigations in IBTO.

  

  Materials and Methods 

  First the necessity of the implementation of the project was elaborated in the Research Council and priorities were set. Then, different procedures were conducted based on the guidelines of COHRED (Council on Health Research for Development) and by use of priority-setting instruments applied in research institutes. At the end, the results were reviewed by the Research Council so that the final priorities were approved of.

 

 Results

 In the present study, out of the whole number of forms distributed for priority-setting, blood centers, headquarter managers and consultants, and the faculty members had respectively a share of 64.28%, 33.33%, and 25.92% in responses. At the process of title collection, more responses were received as compared with the priority setting process. Finally, 99 research titles in 16 domains were approved of as final priorities by the IBTO Research Center.

  

 Conclusions

 Priority-setting was conducted through the method recommended by COHRED for the first time in IBTO. In spite of the participation of the out-of-organization beneficiary, research centers, and scientific associations, the highest rate of participation goes to intra-organizational groups. Approved priorities can be implemented by a call for research, the creation of an evaluation system for recommended projects, and survey of approved projects. Thus, the most use can be made of financial and human resources for priority-setting.

  

  

 Key words: Need assessment, Research priority setting, Council on Health Research for Development


F.a. Tarabadi , J. Ghaledi , M. Shaiegan , Gh.r. Babaee ,
Volume 2, Issue 5 (Autumn 2005)
Abstract

  Abstract

  

 Background and Objectives

  Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a DNA virus, approximately 200nm in diameter, belonging to the herpes virus family. CMV infection in immunocompromised patients including organ transplantation recipients, patients with AIDS patients under immunosuppressive therapy, and in developing fetus may result in either localized or disseminated diseases. Patients are at risk of both primary CMV infection and reactivation of latent infection. CMV can be transmitted through blood transfusion and organ transplantation.

 

  Materials and Methods

  In this descriptive study, 62 recipients of kidney transplant (26 females, 41.9% and 36 males, 58.1%) ranging from 2-58 years of age (mean 34 ± 15) were analysed to detect CMV antibodies by ELISA technique CMV antigen was also evaluated by Indirect Immunofluorescence Technique.

 

 Results

 All patients were CMV IgG positive, 10 (16.1 % ) were CMV IgM positive and 7 (11.4 % ) were at borderline. 23 (37.1 % ) of recipients were CMV Ag positive. Statistical analysis showed no relation between CMV Ab and CMV Ag.

 

 Conclusions

  In spite of the presence of anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies, antigenemia appears in several patients. There is not a strong correlation between antibodies against cytomegalovirus and the detection of CMV antigen in patients with acute infections.

  

  

 Key words: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Renal transplantation, ELISA


A. Solaimany Ferizhandy , M. Aghaeipour , A.a. Pourfathollah ,
Volume 2, Issue 5 (Autumn 2005)
Abstract

  Abstract

  

 Background and Objectives

  Conditions for preparation and storage of platelets for transfusion purposes may lead to platelet activation which in turn contributes to decreased ability of stored platelets to function and to survive in vivo after transfusion as compared with freshly prepared platelets. We investigated platelet membrane expression of CD62P, CD63 in platelet stored for up to 3 days under standard blood banking conditions.

  

  Materials and Methods 

  Twenty-four platelet units prepared by platelet-rich-plasma and platelet concentrates were evaluated during storage for markers CD62P, CD63 and pH.

 

 Results

 During storage for up to 3 days platelet units displayed no significant pH (p>0.05). During storage for up to 3 days (days 1 and 3) platelet units were significant in the CD62P and CD63 expressions as compared with day 0 (p<0.05).

  

 Conclusions

 Storage of platelet concentrates causes activated platelets. Moreover, these markers (CD62P and CD63) can act as useful in vitro means in the quality control of platelet components.

  

  

 Key words: Platelet-rich-plasma, CD62P, CD63


Asvadi-Kermani I., Evazie Ziaeei J., Nikanfar A.r., Maljaie H., Golchin M., Berahmani G., Dolatkhah R., Mahmmoudpour A., Dehkhoda R., Moghaddam A., Torabi S., Hosseinpoor-Panahi A., Rajabzadeh A., Soleimani F., Heidari S., Ardabilzadeh Sh.,
Volume 2, Issue 6 (Winter 2006)
Abstract

  Abstract

  

 Background and Objectives

  Cancer patients due to bone marrow suppression, sepsis, and other relevant complications require appropriate blood components for transfusion. However, there are risks of transfusion reactions. These reactions are influenced by many factors varying across different geographic regions and medical centers. This study was performed to determine incidence of early transfusion reactions and their clinical symptoms and signs in cancer patients, and to calculate the correlation of these adverse reactions with some demographic data and some specifications of blood components.

 

  Materials and Methods

  In this descriptive study, 39 reactions from 4023 blood transfusion attempts were assessed. Patients were monitored for symptoms and changes in vital signs within 24 hours following transfusion. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics (X2 and ANOVA).

 

 Results

  The majority of reactions belonged to platelets (56.43%) and packed cells (43.58%). The most common symptoms were shown to be rigors (2.72%), and fever (2.33%). The incidence rate was estimated to be 2.7% for FNHTR, and 2.1% for allergic reactions. Haptoglobin deficiency was found in 0.8% of FNHTR cases. A correlation was observed between sex and history of previous reactions (p=0.048, p=0.04, respectively) with blood transfusion reactions.

 

 Conclusions

  These findings indicated that incidence of blood transfusion reactions and clinical symptoms correlated with other studies. The incidence of reactions in women and individuals with previous history of repeated blood transfusions was shown to be greater. Transfusion of packed cell was associated with allergic reactions (p=0.04), and high platelet lifetime associated with pulmonary reactions (p=0.044).

  

 Key words: Blood transfusion, Transfusion reaction, Cancer patients


Shaiegan M., Tarabadi F.a., Amini Kafi-Abad S., Samiei Sh., Babaeie Gh., Talebian A.,
Volume 2, Issue 6 (Winter 2006)
Abstract

  Abstract

  

 Background and Objectives

  Beta-2 microglobulin ( β 2MG) is the light chain of Histocompatibility–Class I human antigen and its normal range is <3mg/ml. β 2MG level in sera of hepatitis B patients increases. In Hepatitis infection the presentation of the viral antigen on the hepatocyte in the presence of Class I HLA antigen plays a major role in the elimination of the virus.

 

  Materials and Methods

  In this descriptive study, s β 2MG, HBsAg (by ELISA), and HBV DNA (by PCR) were evaluated in sera of 49 patients with hepatitis B and 35 subjects in control group .

 

 Results

  Our results showed HbsAg was positive in all patients. 29 of patients were HBV-DNA-PCR positive and 20 HBV-DNA-PCR negative. β 2MG in all subjects in control group was in normal range and in 34.7% of patients above normal limit. β 2MG in HBV-DNA-PCR positive patients was higher than HBV DNA PCR negative patients. Such differences were significant (p < 0.05) .

 

 Conclusions

  It seems S β 2MG is a good marker for HBV replication and its absence may exclude HBV replication. The role of β 2MG in monitoring response to therapy needs to be further evaluated.

  

  

 Key words: Hepatitis B virus, HBsAg , β 2MG (beta - 2 microglobulin), PCR , ELISA


Kasraian L., Torabjahromi S.a.,
Volume 2, Issue 6 (Winter 2006)
Abstract

  Abstract

  

 Background and Objectives

  To prepare safe and adequate blood supply to meet patients’ needs and ensure a sufficient number of regular blood donors, knowledge about factors encouraging people to donate blood regularly is essential. Considering its importance, we aimed to survey positive and negative motivation for blood donation.

 

  Materials and Methods

  This survey was a cross-sectional research with a multiple questionnaire to study the positive and negative motivation toward blood donation in the first half of 1382 (according to Iranian calendar) in Shiraz Blood Transfusion Center.

 

 Results

  This survey was conducted on subjects with positive motivation who referred to blood transfusion center at the mean age of 32.73 ± 9.6. 92.1% of the subjects were male, and 7.9% female, and 74.3% married. Positive motivation for blood donation included altruistic causes (65.3%), check-up purposes (12.9%), income-earning goals (8.9%), the positive impact of donation on health (8.9%), and curiosity about blood donation (4%). The mean age of the subjects with negative motivation was 25.22 ± 7.54. 22.7% were male, 77.3 female, and 67.7% single. The most important negative motivation was dizziness and faint (45.5%), and lack of time (4.5%). Negative motivation in women was statistically more significant than men (p<0.05).

 

 Conclusions

  In this study, the main positive motivation for blood donation came out of altruistic reasons, which are considered to be very positive. 12.9% of people just donated for check up that can endanger blood safety.The most important negative motivation was fear of dizziness and faint or disease as a result of donation. This can be removed through holding educational programs and providing sufficient care for donors.

  

  

 Key words: B lood donors, Blood donation, Attitude


Delavari M., Tabatabaie S.m., Sheikh Bardsiri H., Maarefdust Z., Zandieh T.,
Volume 2, Issue 6 (Winter 2006)
Abstract

  The prevalence of Hepatitis C and its related factors among blood donors of Kerman Blood Center

 

  Delavari M.1,2(MD), Tabatabaie S.M.1,2(MD), Sheikh Bardsiri H.1,2(BS),

  Maarefdust Z.1,2(AS), Zandieh T.1(PhD)

 

  1 Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization-Research Center

  2 Kerman Regional Blood Transfusion Center


Deyhim M.r., Tarabadi F, Shaiegan M., Aghaeipour M, Refua S.,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (Spring 2006)
Abstract

 Abstract

  

  Background and Objectives

  Beta-2 microglobulin ( b 2MG) is a low weight molecular protein (mol wt: 11800) synthesized by all nucleated cells and originally isolated from human urine in patients with renal failure. Increased b 2MG levels have been reported in rejection of transplantation, in patients with lymphocytic leukemia, hematological malignant disease and especially in patients with multiple myeloma. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum b 2MG and some related factors in patients with monoclonal and polyclonal gammapathy.

  

  Materials and Methods

  This study is a cross - sectional study and we select patients by non - random method. We studied 8 patients with gammapathy for 3 months. They were 10-26 years old. Serum b 2MG concentration was measured by ELISA method and serum CRP was done by qualitative latex method. Serum creatinine level was measured according to colotimetric Jaffe reaction. The separation of serum globulins was conducted by cellulose acetate protein electrophoresis. Immunoglobulin levels were measured by Radial Immunodiffusion (RID) method. We use SPSS statistic program and spearmen's index (Rho) to estimate correlation between parameters in this study.

  

  Results

  Serum b 2MG levels increased in 87.5% of patients with monoclonal gammapathy. Serum CRP levels also increased in patients with monoclonal gammapathy. According to statistical results, there was a high correlation between increased CRP and b 2MG levels in patients (Rho=0.693, p<0.05). However, serum b 2MG and creatinine levels both had been increased only in 40% of patients. In evaluation of serum protein electrophoresis, in one patient with renal failure, there was a sharp peak in gamma globulin region.

  

  Conclusions

  This study indicated that quantitative measurement of serum creatinine, serum b 2MG, serum CRP and evaluation of monoclonal band in serum protein electrophoresis can be strong factors for staging the disease and predicting the survival and prognosis in patients with monoclonal gammapathy. So evaluation of these factors is recommended for follow up of patients in relapse and remission stages. It is better to further evaluate and study the main role of these factors in predicting and diagnosing multiple myeloma as well.

  

  Key words: Monoclonal gammapathy, Beta2 microglobulin, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Creatinine, Electrophoresis, Immunoglobulin


Selseleh M., Esmaili J.,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (Spring 2006)
Abstract

  Abstract

  

 Background and Objectives

  In chronic blood transfusion, antibody production against minor blood groups may occur and sometimes it could be clinically significant lowering RBC life span. This is a case report of allimmunization against M-antigen in a 15-month baby with neuroblastoama. This antibody was IgG type and produced some trouble for blood transfusion in this patient.

 

  Case

  A 15-month baby with neuroblastoma was referred to our center. Neuroblastoma is one of the most solid tomors in children and chemotherapy must be done for the patient suffering from it. During the treatment course the patients may need blood transfusion because of the suppressive effect of BM by chemotheraputic drugs. This patient had history of blood transfusion one year ago, but this time he faced a severe blood transfusion reaction and was then referred to our center to be considered for alloimmunization and receive compatible blood.

  Conclusions

  Our tests (Ab screening, pannel case) showed this patient has anti-M antibody IgG type. This finding was very important because antibody production against minor or rare blood groups produced significant problems. M-antibodies are mostly of IgM type and not clinicaly important but in some cases as in our patients it brought about adverse reactions. After preparing and administering compatible blood, the patient manifested no severe reactions or any other problems. .

  

 Key words: Alloimmunization, Neuroblastoma, Anti-M


A Aghaie, A.a Pourfathollah, S.z Bathaie, S.m Moazzeni, H Khorsand Mohamad Pour, H Rezvan, S Banazadeh, B Adibi, M.k Mosavi, M.a Jalili,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (Summer 2006)
Abstract

 Abstract

 

  

  Background and Objectives

  Human plasma is a valuable and unique material containing vital proteins such as albumin, immunoglobulin, and coagulation factors which have pharmaceutical applications. The most current process for purification of immunoglobulin is the Cohn fractionation procedure using ethanol. The basic material for production of immunoglobulin in this procedure is fraction II. In the present study, Cohn fractionation was modified appropriately in order to achieve fraction II with a quality suitable for production of intravenous immunoglobulin.

  

  Materials and Methods

  Various plasma proteins were precipitated using varying concentrations of ethanol under controlled physiochemical conditions such as temperature , pH and ionic strength. The fractionation products as well as the resulting fraction II were tested and analyzed.

  

  Results

  The results demonstrate that the modified procedure used can result in a pure fraction II with high yield . The procedure was also suitable for all other plasma proteins. The purified fraction II contained acceptable PKA levels according to specifications of pharmacopoeia. The protein structure was also within normal limits. The repeatability of the modified procedure reported was acceptable.

  

  Conclusions

  The fraction II obtained in the modified Cohn procedure was a suitable intermediate product to be used in production of intravenous immunoglobulin . The PKA levels as well as the protein aggregation were minimal , and the quality of fraction II was standard . The results showed that the present modified Cohn procedure can be easily scaled up to industrial and semi-industrial levels. The resulting fraction II can be used as an intermediate in production of IVIg.

  

  Key words: Intravenous immunoglobulin, Cohn fraction, Molecular conformation


M Mahmoodian Shooshtari, A Davatgar, M Aghaipour,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (Summer 2006)
Abstract

  Abstract

 Background and Objectives

 White blood cells (WBCs) in blood products are the major stimulus for a number of detrirmental biological reactions including febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions, alloimmunization against HLA antigens, and cytomegalovirus transmission. In this study, our objective was to study the effect of storage time on the filtration of platelet concentrates (PCs). The total number of white blood cells as well as the distribution of WBC subsets in PC units filtered before and after storage was compared.

 

 Materials and Methods

 In this experimental study, platelet-rich plasma-derived PCs (5 pooled units) were filtered both fresh and after 5 days of storage then, the total number of WBCs was calculated by flow cytometry and cell counting. WBC subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry with three-color fluorescence. In this study, the third genaration bags and filters were used.

 

 Results

 Before filtration, the total number of WBC was significantly higher in fresh units compared with stored units, whereas in postfiltration samples the number of white blood cells was significantly lower in the fresh compared with the stored units. Although the absolute number of WBCs significantly reduced, filtration induced significant changes in proportion in subsets in both fresh and stored units the percentage of B cells and monocytes increased after filtration.

 

 Conclusions

 Both pre- and post-storage WBC filtration affect the proportions of WBCs in the final product but pre-storage WBC filtration of platelet concentrates is superior than post-storage WBC filtration.

  

 Key words : White blood cells, Platelet concentrates, Blood, Filtration 


M.r Deyhim, F Razjou, M Magsudlu, B.a Aghaii,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (Summer 2006)
Abstract

  Abstract

 Background and Objectives

 Iron is an essential element which plays its role in metabolic pathway in the body and it is required by every human cell. Main site of iron lies in the structure of hemoglobin in red blood cell. Blood donation has a marked influence on body iron stores in female blood donors leading to anemic blood donors unable to donate moreover, the anemia may trigger a costly medical evaluation. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of iron deficiency anemia in first time and frequent female blood donors referring to Tehran Blood Transfusion Center.

 

 Materials and Methods

 In this study (historical cohort), 69 first time female blood donors as the control group and 75 frequent female blood donors as the case group were randomly selected. Hemoglobin in the two groups of blood donors was tested by Hb strip and all of them were considered eligible for donation. Blood samples of blood donors were transferred to the laboratory for the evaluation of biochemical parameters for iron status in the body and cell blood counting. These data were compared between the two groups by using SPSS statistical data program.

 

 Results

 The age range in the two groups was significantly different (p<0.001). Therefore, female blood donors were divided in two groups according to age: above and below 45 years of age. There was a significant decrease in Hb level in frequent blood donors when compared with the Hb level in first time female blood donors at age range below 45 years (p<0.003). According to the results, frequency of anemia was 10.7% in frequent female blood donors and 6.6% in first time female blood donors. Serum transferrin and TIBC levels in frequent female blood donors were significantly higher than the first time blood donors (p<0.003, p<0.006). We found significant decrease in ferritin level at age range below 45 years among frequent female blood donors when compared with ferritin level in first time female donors (p<0.04).

 

 Conclusions

 The results show that blood donation has a marked influence in decreasing ferritin and increasing transferrin levels in frequent female blood donors which indicates complete depletion of iron in their bone marrow. Ferritin and transferrin measurement is an important factor for diagnosis of iron deficiency and should be included in the routine assessment of f e male blood donors. We recommended that the frequency of phlebotomy be adjusted according to levels of serum ferritin and serum transferrin.

  

 Key words : Iron deficiency anemia, Transferrin, TIBC, Blood donors 



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