Abstract

 Background and Objectives

 Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder witch accounts for about 10% of all hematologic cancers 99% of patients diagnosed are older than 40 years of age. The aim of this study is to evaluate the recognized cellular and molecular factors effective on the emergence and development of MM.

 Materials and Methods

 In the present study, 150 articles about genetic translocation, osteoclast and osteoblast cells, chemokines, signaling pathways, and Multiple Myeloma published in recent years were firstly selected to be reviewed. Out of this number, 69 which applied to cellular and molecular biology of MM were selected to be studied.

 Results

 Bone lesions and pathological fractures are the most important complications of Multiple Myeloma. Recurrent infection, renal insufficiency, hyperproteinemia, amyloidosis, hypercalcemia, decrease of alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin are other complications which are mostly caused by cell-cell interaction, chemokine, and immunoglobulin signal induction.

 Conclusions

 The results show that infiltration of tumor cells like myeloma cells is due to secretion of some factors from BM cells as well as the presence of calcium and iron whose concentration is high in BM.

 Key words : Multiple Myeloma, Bone osteolytic lesions, Osteoclast, Osteoblast