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:: Volume 17, Issue 3 (Autumn 2020) ::
Sci J Iran Blood Transfus Organ 2020, 17(3): 242-257 Back to browse issues page
Platelet Refractoriness and how it is formed
S. Milani , F. Yari
Keywords: Key words: Platelets, Transfusion, Thrombocytopenia
Full-Text [PDF 536 kb]   (727 Downloads)     |   Abstract (HTML)  (2425 Views)
Type of Study: Review Article | Subject: Blood Transfusion
Published: 2020/10/1
Full-Text:   (8413 Views)
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Sci J Iran Blood Transfus Organ 2020; 17 (3); 242-257
Review  Article
 

 

Platelet Refractoriness and how it is formed
 
Milani S.1, Yari F.1
 
 
1Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
 
 
Abstract
Background and Objectives
Transfusion of platelet has become one of the main treatments for thrombocytopenic patients to reduce the severity and frequency of bleeding consequences. Failure to attain the desired level of platelets in a patient following platelet transfusion is defined as platelet refractoriness. The purpose of present paper is to review and study the mechanisms involved in the formation of platelet refractory.
 
Materials and Methods
This article reviews the effective factors present in platelet recipients and donors, and considers the characteristics of platelet products that may have impacts on platelet refractoriness. The search is conducted through scientific databases including Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, SID, Scopus, and Magiran by the keywords “Platelet Refractory”, “Alloantibody”, “HLA”, “Platelet Transfusion” and their Persian equivalents. Finally out of about 130 related articles, 97 articles were used for the review.
 
Results
Generally, platelet refractoriness occurs in two ways including immunologic and non-immunologic. The immunologic way is due to alloimmunization against alloantigens as a result of contact with human leukocyte antigens (HLA), Human Platelet Antigens (HPA). Non immunologic conditions such as fever, spleen enlargement and use of certain medications are responsible to 80% of platelet refractory incidence.
 
Conclusions 
Identification of different features and mechanisms in platelet refractoriness including immunologic and non-immunologic factors have an important role in control, prevention and management of the disease.
 
Key words: Platelets, Transfusion, Thrombocytopenia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Received:    1 Jan  2020
Accepted: 11 May 2020
 
 

Correspondence: Milani S., PhD of Medical Biotechnology. Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine.
 P.O.Box: 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran. Tel: (+9821) 88993778; Fax: (+9821) 88993778
E-mail:s.milani@tmi.ac.ir
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Milani S, Yari F. Platelet Refractoriness and how it is formed. Sci J Iran Blood Transfus Organ 2020; 17 (3) :242-257
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Volume 17, Issue 3 (Autumn 2020) Back to browse issues page
فصلنامه پژوهشی خون Scientific Journal of Iran Blood Transfus Organ
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